Epsilon5高能偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱仪测定垃圾焚烧灰渣中有害元素

使用粉末样品压片制样,用Epsilon5高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)光谱仪测定垃圾焚烧灰渣中S、Cl、Ba、Cr、Cu、Na、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Mo等多种有害元素,采用土壤、水系沉积物、海底沉积物、矿物等国家标准物质和人工合成标样作为校准。     

Tectonic setting discrimination and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar isotope geochronology of the Miba granite

The Miba granite is located in the juncture of Kang County in eastern Gansu Provinceand Lueyang County in Shanxi Province. It is considered to be the post-orogenic granite(POG-type) by major element discrimination method of Maniar. ~40Ar/~39Ar dating indicates that itsemplacement time is about 240-230 Ma and it is the result of the Indo-Sinian magmatism. In theearly Yanshan period (about 193.8 Ma), a thermal event resulted in the partial opening of the ar-gon isotope system of the biotite.     

聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂表面扩张粘弹性质研究

研究了非离子表面活性剂壬基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚NP-8, NP-10和NP-12水溶液的表面扩张粘弹性质, 考察了氧乙烯数的变化对表面吸附膜特性的影响. 研究结果表明, 三种表面活性剂的扩张弹性随着工作频率的增大而增大, 扩张粘性则在0.1~0.01 Hz范围内通过不明显的极大值; 扩张弹性和粘性随着浓度的增加在同一浓度处通过一个极大值; 氧乙烯数从8增加到12, 表面扩张弹性、粘性和相角的变化不大. 从发生在表面上和表面附近的微观弛豫过程的角度对实验结果进行了讨论.     

不同结构烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的泡沫性能及动态表面张力

研究了一系列直链三取代和支链双取代烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的动态表面张力(DST)和泡沫性能, 考察了分子结构变化对烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的DST和泡沫性能的影响. 探讨了动态表面张力参数(t*, n, R1/2)的变化规律及其与泡沫性能的关系. 结果表明, 随着取代烷基链长度增加, t*和n值增大, R1/2减小, 动态表面活性降低. 由于双取代支链烷基苯磺酸钠分子具有特殊的柔性长支链, 使得吸附膜排列紧密、膜弹性增大, 因而其泡沫稳定性明显优于多取代直链烷基苯磺酸钠的稳定性. 在气流法产生泡沫的过程中, 动态表面张力是控制起泡高度的关键因素.     

Analysis of Ca in BaCl2 matrix using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The simplicity of the sample preparation and the use of an internal standardization method for the quantitative analysis of Ca has been investigated. The experimental set-up allowed the measurement of the intensity of ionic emission lines from Ca(II) and Ba(II), as a function of the composition in the matrix sample. The intensity ratios of the emission of Ca(II) to three different lines of Ba(II) were measured as a function of the distance (time) from the ablation point. With this information, the best experimental conditions for the analysis were determined. The method was then applied to the quantitative analysis of Ca in soils and baby food and the results compared with those obtained with conventional chemical and atomic absorption analysis.     

稳态荧光探针法研究烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的3种高纯的烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度、不同表面活性剂浓度下的胶团聚集数和胶团微极性.研究了链长变化对烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠聚集性质的影响.考察了胶团聚集数的浓度效应,并由胶团聚集数与表面活性剂浓度关系方程外推求得了它们各自的临界胶束聚集数.     

重庆涪陵五中滑坡特征及成因分析

重庆涪陵五中滑坡（130×104m3）发生于2008年1月3日,该滑坡位于涪陵五中西南的迎宾大道内侧,属单斜顺层岩质滑坡。通过详细的现场调查和室内资料分析后认为：中倾坡外的顺层结构、碎裂结构的岩体为滑坡的孕育和发生提供了物质基础和结构条件,是滑坡发生的结构性因素;泥质砂岩和泥岩属中等膨胀性岩石,遇水极易软化,加之历史上构造应力的作用,形成层间泥化夹层,泥化夹层含膨胀性粘土矿物蒙脱石和伊利石,是造成滑坡发生的控制性因素。诱发因素主要有两个：一是由于水的作用,坡体岩层间泥化夹层发生软化,降低了力学强度;二是修建公路开挖坡脚进行人工切坡形成有效临空面,坡体具备了临空剪出的条件。随着坡体的蠕动变形,在各种因素的综合作用下,层间剪切带逐渐贯通,最终导致滑坡发生。     

中国西南山区第四纪冰川堆积物工程地质分类探讨

中国的大陆冰川堆积物几乎都属于巨粒土或块石（漂石）土、碎石土,但因复杂的物质组成和组构特征,各地或同一地区不同成因类型（冰碛、冰水）的堆积物具有极为不同的工程地质性质,其地质体稳定性和地质灾害的易发性存在着显著的差异。我国已有的工程分类框架不能满足当代冰川堆积物甚至其他碎石土（巨粒土）的工程地质和地质灾害研究的需要。中国西南山区冰川堆积物的物质成分、细观结构等的野外调查和室内测试分析结果表明,冰川堆积物的物质成分和组构特征主要表现为：颗粒组成的不均一性和多元性、组构单元的双元性、结构的无序性和胶结性等。冰川堆积物的物质成分和组构特征与其工程性质具有密切的关系,是冰川堆积物工程地质分类的基础。本文探讨了中国西南山区冰川堆积物的工程地质分类问题,提出基于胶结程度和粒度组成的二级分类方案,对冰川堆积物及其他块（漂）石土的工程地质研究和工程实践具有一定指导意义。     

Investigation of solid phase upon γ-irradiation of ferrihydrite-ethanol suspension

Ferrihydrite (FH) nanoparticles were synthesised and subjected to γ-irradiation in the form of FH-ethanol suspension. The dose rate of γ-radiation was ～16 kGy/h and the samples were irradiated to doses of up to 2590 kGy. γ-irradiation of FH-ethanol suspensions did not cause the transformation of FH to any of the other iron oxide phases. Likewise, neither the Mössbauer and FT-IR spectroscopy nor the quantitative analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy gave any evidence of structural changes of FH upon γ-irradiation. C, H analysis showed that the C concentration in FH gradually increased with dose and was higher in γ-irradiated FH samples than in non-irradiated FH sample. This finding suggested that carbon in FH originated from ethanol degradation. The H concentration in FH gradually increased to the dose of up to 340 kGy and then slightly decreased. Magnetic measurements showed a progressive decrease in magnetisation with an increase in γ-irradiation. The results of magnetic measurements and C, H analysis suggested the carbonisation of FH surface. It was supposed that γ-irradiation of FH-ethanol suspension reductively decomposed ethanol thus generating unsaturated hydrocarbons and acetylides, which in turn formed a conjugate iron complex, thus carbonating the FH surface. The carbonisation of the FH surface prevented FH transformation to other iron oxide phases.